is one of unique natural phenomena that drew the attention of the human foot since they play a great role in the geological processes that affect the history of the evolution of the earth's crust and posed. This is because most of the parts of the earth's crust affected by impulsivity and underwent operations in formation to the contribution of impulsivity operations. According to the study of volcanoes in the identification of earthquakes and volcanoes study branch of geology centers and freestanding, which became known as the science of volcanoes. Volcanoes and associated metals and ores are very important from the economic point of view.
The definition of the volcano:
The volcano is that place, who graduated or emits substances Alziria warm with vapors and gases associated with the depth of the earth's crust and occurs through nozzles or cracks. And accumulate magma flow or by type to form different forms, including ground conical hills or high volcanic mountains.
Penalty volcanoes:
If you look at the form you'll find that it consists of:
1. Mount conical:
Composed of rocky debris or hardened lava. It is material thrown from the crater of the volcano and were all or some of them in the molten state.
2. nozzle: It is a rounder cavity shape almost at the top of the cone, wider ranges between a few thousand meters. And emerges from the nozzle at intervals gases and rock blocks and mortar and lava and molten materials (LAVA) has to be more than a minor volcano crater to crater in the side of the main peak as you can see in the figure:
3. chimney or rod: a channel extending from the bottom of the crater to the bottom of the oven where the related magma underground. And hurtling through volcanic material into the crater. Sometimes known as the volcano neck.
And next to the main chimney, it may be several stacks of volcano-related secondary craters.
Types of volcanic material:
Comes out of volcanoes when revolutions Regolith solid and liquid materials.
1. rock debris:
Emerges as a result of volcanic explosions Regolith solid various types and sizes are usually in the first period of volcanic eruptions. And rock debris derived from the rigid crust extracted from the walls of the neck as a result of payment of lava and gaseous substances emanating from the magma force and violence and rock debris consists of materials differ in size, including rock masses, and the shells and pebbles, sand and volcanic dust.
2. GAS:
He graduated from the volcanic activity during water vapor gases, which pops up a great component of the huge quantities pull the dust is mixed with other gases. And condense the vapors, causing the rains falling in the vicinity of the volcano. Accompanied by explosions and rainfall of electric lights arise from the friction of volcanic ash particles together and as a result of weather disturbances, except for extreme heat and water vapors, sputtering volcano multiple gases mainly hydrogen, chlorine, sulfur, nitrogen, carbon and oxygen.
3. lava:
Are disgorged by volcanoes liquid blocks, and has a temperature of between 1000 m and 1200 m. And lava emerge from the crater, as bursting through the cracks and fractures in the aspects of the volcanic cone, those fractures created by the explosions and pressure magma blocks, stop the nature and appearance of lava on the chemical composition of the magma blocks which emits two types namely:
A lava light light color:
This is characterized by bone viscosity, and then they slow flow like lava, which emerged from the volcano Billy (in Almrtnik Islands in the Caribbean) in 1902 was a dense sticky so it did not overwhelmed the move, and took to accumulate and rise consisting of tower above the nozzle height was about 300 m , and soon after that crash and break as a result of explosions caused by the release of gas.
(B) to Ava dark-colored heavy:
It is Ava basaltic, and the advantage of being a liquid and moving to a large degree, the flow in the form of streams on the slopes of the volcano, and when it emerges lava through the great fractures sprawl they are spread over vast areas composed spacious plateaus, and like the Ethiopian highlands and the Deccan Plateau, India and Columbia Plateau of North America.
Forms volcanoes:
1-volcanoes rock debris:
Volcanic cone shape varies depending on the material, which is made up of them. If the cone is made up entirely of rock debris, we found a very high gradient for the space occupied by the base. Here we find the degree of slope of 30 degrees and sometimes up to 40 ° C and these forms usually arise as a result of volcanic eruptions. The islands in Indonesia.
2. volcanic plateau:
And arise as a result of the exit and lava accumulation around the main nozzle and the low-rise look for the large area occupied by the bases. Looks peaks like Bhiab convex Thdba Hina hence renamed volcanoes plateau These cones originated from the flow Mushorat intense lava heat and great liquidity, which has spread over large areas and is this volcanic plateau best representation in the volcanoes of the Hawaiian volcano Mauna Loa Islands, which has a height of 4100 m, which seems like a spacious dome descend steeper easy Hina.
3. Layering volcanoes:
Layering volcanoes common type of existence, which is in the form of ex-central Mkhrotadtha types and composed of rock debris material and lava flows, directed by the volcano eruption while restless.
And Alloafez be coming out of the volcano during the successive explosions layers on each other, and part of it is composed of coarse material and another section of the minute materials, and between this and that interfere lava in a few strips of fish body. It is this type of Layering arise in the installation and Cone This figure represents the Mayon volcano more active volcanoes of the Philippines Islands at the present time.
The geographical distribution of volcanoes:
Volcanoes spread over long ranges shown on the surface of the earth:
1. Scope that surrounds the coasts of the Pacific Ocean, which is sometimes known as Ring of Fire, it runs on the eastern shores of the Pacific over the Andes to Central America and Mexico, and over the western North America Heights to the Aleutian Islands and then to the coast of East Asia to Japan, the Philippines Islands and then to Indonesia and New Zealand islands.
2. There are a lot of volcanoes in the Pacific Ocean and some of the same great grew up in a huge hall and appeared towering above the water level. Volcanoes, including the Hawaiian Islands, which is based bases in the Pacific at a depth of about 5,000 m, and rises above the surface of the waters of more than 4000 m, and thus the total height of the ocean floor up to the peaks of about 9000 m
3. Southern Europe, overlooking the Mediterranean Sea and the adjacent islands. The most famous active volcanoes here Vesuvius near Naples, Italy, and the islands of Sicily and Aetna Astro Mboli (beacon Mediterranean) in the Lipari Islands.
4. Western Asia Heights and months Ararat volcanoes and Alauzenz.
5. eastern Africa and the range of months Brkinh Kilimanjaro.
The effects of volcanoes:
1. In the formation of the Earth's surface:
We can thus advances to discern the effects of volcanoes in the formation of the Earth's surface are spacious, majestic mountains and plateaus arise. When subsided arise in cavities in their pores Lakes actors rain.
2. In human activity:
Strange that no human habitation near volcanoes play in order to be safe from the dangers, as we find it lived near them, but also on the slopes. Fberkan Vesuvius is surrounded by villages and towns, and covered with fruit orchards and vineyards and spread over all aspects even near the top. Agriculture is also based on the slopes of a volcano (twelve) in Sicily until 1200 m high in the fertile soil consists of black basalt, which flow over the area during historical times.
These volcanoes unforgiving as arise from time to time destroying the village or the other can rest along the main road over the lower slopes of the volcano at the end of twelve and flowing lava flows which is eternal evidence indicates permanent danger zone.
The famous island of Java Berakinh rebellious and active volcanoes superiority in fact all the volcanoes of the world in the amount of rashes and Alloafez that flowed from them since 1500 and with this we find the island full of the population, they are denser world agricultural destinations populous for the area and is inhabited by about 75 million people because as we have said to fertility volcanic soil, has been established by the Bureau of volcanoes and function predict volcanic eruptions and warn the population before the volcanic eruptions, which reduces the risk of occurrence.
is one of unique natural phenomena that drew the attention of the human foot since they play a great role in the geological processes that affect the history of the evolution of the earth's crust and posed. This is because most of the parts of the earth's crust affected by impulsivity and underwent operations in formation to the contribution of impulsivity operations. According to the study of volcanoes in the identification of earthquakes and volcanoes study branch of geology centers and freestanding, which became known as the science of volcanoes. Volcanoes and associated metals and ores are very important from the economic point of view.
The definition of the volcano:
The volcano is that place, who graduated or emits substances Alziria warm with vapors and gases associated with the depth of the earth's crust and occurs through nozzles or cracks. And accumulate magma flow or by type to form different forms, including ground conical hills or high volcanic mountains.
Penalty volcanoes:
If you look at the form you'll find that it consists of:
1. Mount conical:
Composed of rocky debris or hardened lava. It is material thrown from the crater of the volcano and were all or some of them in the molten state.
2. nozzle: It is a rounder cavity shape almost at the top of the cone, wider ranges between a few thousand meters. And emerges from the nozzle at intervals gases and rock blocks and mortar and lava and molten materials (LAVA) has to be more than a minor volcano crater to crater in the side of the main peak as you can see in the figure:
3. chimney or rod: a channel extending from the bottom of the crater to the bottom of the oven where the related magma underground. And hurtling through volcanic material into the crater. Sometimes known as the volcano neck.
And next to the main chimney, it may be several stacks of volcano-related secondary craters.
Types of volcanic material:
Comes out of volcanoes when revolutions Regolith solid and liquid materials.
1. rock debris:
Emerges as a result of volcanic explosions Regolith solid various types and sizes are usually in the first period of volcanic eruptions. And rock debris derived from the rigid crust extracted from the walls of the neck as a result of payment of lava and gaseous substances emanating from the magma force and violence and rock debris consists of materials differ in size, including rock masses, and the shells and pebbles, sand and volcanic dust.
2. GAS:
He graduated from the volcanic activity during water vapor gases, which pops up a great component of the huge quantities pull the dust is mixed with other gases. And condense the vapors, causing the rains falling in the vicinity of the volcano. Accompanied by explosions and rainfall of electric lights arise from the friction of volcanic ash particles together and as a result of weather disturbances, except for extreme heat and water vapors, sputtering volcano multiple gases mainly hydrogen, chlorine, sulfur, nitrogen, carbon and oxygen.
3. lava:
Are disgorged by volcanoes liquid blocks, and has a temperature of between 1000 m and 1200 m. And lava emerge from the crater, as bursting through the cracks and fractures in the aspects of the volcanic cone, those fractures created by the explosions and pressure magma blocks, stop the nature and appearance of lava on the chemical composition of the magma blocks which emits two types namely:
A lava light light color:
This is characterized by bone viscosity, and then they slow flow like lava, which emerged from the volcano Billy (in Almrtnik Islands in the Caribbean) in 1902 was a dense sticky so it did not overwhelmed the move, and took to accumulate and rise consisting of tower above the nozzle height was about 300 m , and soon after that crash and break as a result of explosions caused by the release of gas.
(B) to Ava dark-colored heavy:
It is Ava basaltic, and the advantage of being a liquid and moving to a large degree, the flow in the form of streams on the slopes of the volcano, and when it emerges lava through the great fractures sprawl they are spread over vast areas composed spacious plateaus, and like the Ethiopian highlands and the Deccan Plateau, India and Columbia Plateau of North America.
Forms volcanoes:
1-volcanoes rock debris:
Volcanic cone shape varies depending on the material, which is made up of them. If the cone is made up entirely of rock debris, we found a very high gradient for the space occupied by the base. Here we find the degree of slope of 30 degrees and sometimes up to 40 ° C and these forms usually arise as a result of volcanic eruptions. The islands in Indonesia.
2. volcanic plateau:
And arise as a result of the exit and lava accumulation around the main nozzle and the low-rise look for the large area occupied by the bases. Looks peaks like Bhiab convex Thdba Hina hence renamed volcanoes plateau These cones originated from the flow Mushorat intense lava heat and great liquidity, which has spread over large areas and is this volcanic plateau best representation in the volcanoes of the Hawaiian volcano Mauna Loa Islands, which has a height of 4100 m, which seems like a spacious dome descend steeper easy Hina.
3. Layering volcanoes:
Layering volcanoes common type of existence, which is in the form of ex-central Mkhrotadtha types and composed of rock debris material and lava flows, directed by the volcano eruption while restless.
And Alloafez be coming out of the volcano during the successive explosions layers on each other, and part of it is composed of coarse material and another section of the minute materials, and between this and that interfere lava in a few strips of fish body. It is this type of Layering arise in the installation and Cone This figure represents the Mayon volcano more active volcanoes of the Philippines Islands at the present time.
The geographical distribution of volcanoes:
Volcanoes spread over long ranges shown on the surface of the earth:
1. Scope that surrounds the coasts of the Pacific Ocean, which is sometimes known as Ring of Fire, it runs on the eastern shores of the Pacific over the Andes to Central America and Mexico, and over the western North America Heights to the Aleutian Islands and then to the coast of East Asia to Japan, the Philippines Islands and then to Indonesia and New Zealand islands.
2. There are a lot of volcanoes in the Pacific Ocean and some of the same great grew up in a huge hall and appeared towering above the water level. Volcanoes, including the Hawaiian Islands, which is based bases in the Pacific at a depth of about 5,000 m, and rises above the surface of the waters of more than 4000 m, and thus the total height of the ocean floor up to the peaks of about 9000 m
3. Southern Europe, overlooking the Mediterranean Sea and the adjacent islands. The most famous active volcanoes here Vesuvius near Naples, Italy, and the islands of Sicily and Aetna Astro Mboli (beacon Mediterranean) in the Lipari Islands.
4. Western Asia Heights and months Ararat volcanoes and Alauzenz.
5. eastern Africa and the range of months Brkinh Kilimanjaro.
The effects of volcanoes:
1. In the formation of the Earth's surface:
We can thus advances to discern the effects of volcanoes in the formation of the Earth's surface are spacious, majestic mountains and plateaus arise. When subsided arise in cavities in their pores Lakes actors rain.
2. In human activity:
Strange that no human habitation near volcanoes play in order to be safe from the dangers, as we find it lived near them, but also on the slopes. Fberkan Vesuvius is surrounded by villages and towns, and covered with fruit orchards and vineyards and spread over all aspects even near the top. Agriculture is also based on the slopes of a volcano (twelve) in Sicily until 1200 m high in the fertile soil consists of black basalt, which flow over the area during historical times.
These volcanoes unforgiving as arise from time to time destroying the village or the other can rest along the main road over the lower slopes of the volcano at the end of twelve and flowing lava flows which is eternal evidence indicates permanent danger zone.
The famous island of Java Berakinh rebellious and active volcanoes superiority in fact all the volcanoes of the world in the amount of rashes and Alloafez that flowed from them since 1500 and with this we find the island full of the population, they are denser world agricultural destinations populous for the area and is inhabited by about 75 million people because as we have said to fertility volcanic soil, has been established by the Bureau of volcanoes and function predict volcanic eruptions and warn the population before the volcanic eruptions, which reduces the risk of occurrence.
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